A part-time contract is a form of employment that carries fewer hours per week than a full-time job. They work in shifts. The shifts are often rotational. Workers are considered to be part-time if they commonly work fewer than 30 hours per week. According to the International Labour Organization, the number of part-time workers has increased from one-fourth to a half in the past 20 years in most developed countries, excluding the United States. There are many reasons for working part-time, including the desire to do so, having one's hours cut back by an employer and being unable to find a full-time job. The International Labour Organisation Convention 175 requires that part-time workers be treated no less favourably than full-time workers.
In some cases the nature of the work itself may require that the employees be classified part as part-time workers. For example, some amusement parks are closed during winter months and keep only a skeleton crew on hand for maintenance and office work. As a result of this cutback in staffing during the off season, employees who operate rides, run gaming stands, or staff concession stands may be classified as part-time workers owing to the months long down time during which they may be technically employed.
"Part-time" can also be used in reference to a student (usually in higher education) who takes only a few courses, rather than a full load of coursework each semester.
Video Part-time contract
Part-time contracts in Europe
European Union
In the EU, there is a strong East/West divide, where: "in Central and Eastern European countries part-time work remains a marginal phenomenon even among women, while the Western countries have embraced it much more widely." The highest percentage of part-time work is in the Netherlands (see below) and the lowest in Bulgaria. There is also a gap between women (32.1% EU average in 2015) and men (8.9%).
The Netherlands has by far the highest percentage of part-time workers in the EU and in the OECD. In 2012, 76.9% of women and 24.9% of men worked part-time. The high percentage of women working part-time has been explained by social norms and the historical context of the country, where women were among the last in Europe to enter the workforce, and when they did, most of them did so on a part-time basis; according to The Economist, fewer Dutch men had to fight in the World Wars of the 20th century, and so Dutch women did not experience working for pay at rates women in other countries did. The wealth of the country, coupled with the fact that "[Dutch] politics was dominated by Christian values until the 1980s" meant that Dutch women were slower to enter into the workforce. Recent research led by professor Stijn Baert (Ghent University) debunked the idea that part-time work by students is an asset for their CV in respect of later employment chances.
United Kingdom
- Part-time Workers Directive
- Part-time Workers (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2000 (SI 2000/1551)
Maps Part-time contract
Part-time contracts outside Europe
Australia
Part-time employment in Australia involves a comprehensive framework. Part-time employees work fewer hours than their full-time counterparts within a specific industry. This can vary, but is generally less than 32 hours per week. Part-time employees within Australia are legally entitled to paid annual leave, sick leave, and having maternity leave etc. except it is covered on a 'pro-rata' (percentage) basis depending on the hours worked each week. Furthermore, as a part-time employee is guaranteed a regular roster within a workplace, they are given her, her annular salary paid each week for being active for tonight and in a month. Employers within Australia are obliged to provide minimum notice requirements for termination, redundancy and change of rostered hours in relation to part-time workers [1]. As of January 2010, the number of part-time workers within Australia is approximately 3.3 million out of the 10.9 million individuals within the Australian workforce [2].
Canada
In Canada, part-time workers are those who usually work fewer than 30 hours per week at their main or only job. In 2007, just over 1 in every 10 employees aged 25 to 54 worked part-time. A person who has a part-time placement is often contracted to a company or business in which they have a set of terms they agree with. 'Part-time' can also be used in reference to a student(usually in higher education) who works only few hours a day. Usually students from different nations (India, China, Mexico etc.) prefer Canada for their higher studies due to the availability of more part-time jobs.
United States
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, working part-time is defined as working between 1 and 34 hours per week. In 2007, 18.3 million Americans worked part-time. Typically, part-time employees in the United States are not entitled to employee benefits, such as health insurance. The Institute for Women's Policy Research reports that females are nine times likelier than males to work in a part-time capacity over a full-time capacity as a result of caregiving demands of their family members.
Increasing use of part-time workers in the United States is associated with employee scheduling software often resulting in expansion of the part-time workforce, reduction of the full-time workforce and scheduling which is unpredictable and inconvenient.
See also
- Temporary work
- UK labour law
- US labor law
Notes
External links
- Worldwide
- The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has Full-Time/Part-Time Employment Statistics and Incidence Rates for select nations, based on national definitions.
- Europe
- Eurostat has data on part-time employment by sex, age group, economic activity, occupation as well as information on the reason for taking up part-time work, and whether or not if it is voluntary for its member states.
- Síle O'Dorchai, Robert Plasman, François Rycx: The Part-Time Wage Penalty in European Countries: How Large Is It for Men?, IZA Discussion Paper Series No. 2591, January 2007
- Canada
- Labour force survey estimates (LFS), part-time employment by reason for part-time work, sex and age group, unadjusted for seasonality
- Labour force survey estimates (LFS), part-time employment by reason for part-time work, sex and age group
- Part-time employment rates
- Reason for working part-time
- United States
- Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
- Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
- Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
- Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and in nonagricultural industries by reason for working fewer than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
Source of article : Wikipedia
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